According to localcollegeexplorer, Turkmenistan has a long and complex history that stretches back to the 5th century BC. The region was conquered by Alexander the Great in 330 BC and was later incorporated into the Persian Empire. During this time, it was known as Transoxiana and was an important center of culture and trade. In the 11th century, Turkic tribes from Central Asia began migrating to the area and established a number of states, including the Khwarezmian Empire which lasted from 1220-1231. The region then passed through Mongol control until it eventually became part of the Russian Empire in 1881. After World War I, Turkmenistan declared its independence in 1918 but was quickly annexed by Soviet forces in 1920. It remained part of the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991 when it declared itself an independent nation. Since then, Turkmenistan has experienced periods of political and economic stability while also facing numerous challenges such as authoritarian rule, human rights abuses, and economic inequality. Despite these difficulties, however, Turkmenistan remains an important regional power with strong ties to both Europe and Asia. Turkmenistan is a Central Asian country located in the Karakum Desert. It is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the east and Kazakhstan to the north. It has a population of 5 million people with Ashgabat being the capital city. The main language spoken in Turkmenistan is Turkmen although Russian is also widely used. The currency in use is the manat. In 2010, Turkmenistan had a largely state-controlled economy with oil and gas being its main exports. These were mainly exported to countries such as China, Russia and Iran and accounted for over 90% of export revenue. Agriculture was also important with crops such as cotton, melons and wheat being grown in some parts of the country. The government also invested heavily into infrastructure projects such as roads, railways and ports which helped to improve connectivity within the country as well as attract more foreign investment. In addition, there were numerous technological advancements such as internet access that were being implemented in some parts of the country in order to make it more competitive globally. Furthermore, education was a major focus for the government with initiatives such as free primary school tuition introduced in order to improve literacy rates amongst citizens. Check ezinereligion for Turkmenistan Religion and Languages.
Animals and Plants What is growing there in Turkmenistan? The landscape of Turkmenistan consists to a very large extent of desert and steppe. Only grasses and bushes that can get by with little water grow there. In the more mountainous locations it rains more and so a greater variety of plants and trees is created here. Grapes, figs and pistachios spread wildly. A big problem is that more and more area is becoming a desert. The soil becomes too salty…
Turkmenistan – country information Country name Turkmenistan Official name Turkmen Republic Capital Ashgabat Continent Asia Area 488,100 km2 Population 5,240,000 (2013) Foundation of a state 27/10/1991 The highest mountains Firjuza 2942 m Longest rivers Amu Darya 2539 km (in the country 1050 km) State system a presidential-type republic with a unicameral parliament, a de facto one-party system of government The biggest cities Ashgabat (capital) 460,000, Chardjou 175,000 Official language Turkmen Ethnicity/National Composition Turkmen 73%, Uzbeks 9%, Russians 8.5%, Kazakhs 2.5%,…