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Category: South America

For the complete list of nations in South America, please visit ethnicityology.com.

Peru Society
Peru Society

Peru Society

Peru is a diverse society with a long and complex history. It is home to a wide range of ethnic groups, including indigenous peoples such as the Quechua and Aymara, European descendants, Afro-Peruvians and Asians. The country’s population is estimated to be around 32 million people, making it the fourth most populous nation in South America. Peru has experienced rapid economic growth in recent years, driven largely by its mining sector and exports of commodities such as copper. Despite this…

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Education of Paraguay
Politics and Education of Paraguay

Politics and Education of Paraguay

State structure and political system of Paraguay Paraguay is a free and independent republic, a social and legal state, unified, indivisible and decentralized. The Constitution of 1992 is in force. Paraguay is divided into 18 departments: Alto Paraguay, Alto Parana, Amambay, Boqueron, Guaira, Itapua, Caaguazu, Caasapa, Canindeyu, Concepción, Cordillera, Misiones, Nyeembuku, Paraguari, Presidente Hayes, San Pedro, Central, Metropolitan district (Asuncion). The most important cities are: Asuncion, Concepción, Pedro Juan Caballero, San Lorenzo, Ciudad del Este, Encarnacion, Mariscal Estigarribia, Villarrica, Villa…

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Sights of Bolivia
Sights of Bolivia

Sights of Bolivia

According to simplyyellowpages, Bolivia is one of those rare countries where the promises of travel agencies to show you all the “best” really is true! There are attractions for every taste: monuments of ancient civilizations, and incredibly beautiful nature, and Spanish colonial architecture. Bolivia is home to 6 UNESCO World Heritage Sites. They include the historical center of Sucre, famous for its amazing examples of colonial architecture, the city of Potosi – the capital of silversmiths, the settlements of missionaries…

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Argentina Economic
Argentina Economic and Financial Policy Between 1999 and 2004

Argentina Economic and Financial Policy Between 1999 and 2004

After the sustained growth that had characterized most of the nineties of the 20th century, the Argentina it was going through a profound financial and currency crisis in the period 1999-2002. Its causes included the collapse of the Asian and Russian markets of 1997-98, the loss of competitiveness of Argentine products following the depreciation of the Brazilian real and the appreciation of the dollar against the euro, limited domestic demand and the worsening of public accounts. The government authorities were…

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Brazil in the 1950's
Brazil in the 1950’s

Brazil in the 1950’s

The years that followed the end of the Second World War marked for the Brazil a new and dynamic phase of economic development and general progress. Its international prestige also appeared to have increased especially among Latin American countries, of which it has assumed the role of leader on the world political scene. However, the Brazil, as indeed almost all the countries of Latin America, fails to overcome the economic-financial crisis, the symptoms of which were felt since 1948. In…

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Argentina Geopolitics
Argentina Geopolitics

Argentina Geopolitics

Despite recent economic and financial hardships, Argentina, an economic, political and cultural powerhouse, remains one of the most influential players in South America. Political instability, economic volatility and poor demographic growth have in fact held back the development of the country, not only in relation to Brazil, the great northern neighbor, which has always been the main competitor, but also towards states such as Chile and Colombia, more similar in geographical and demographic dimensions and protagonists in recent times of a…

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Bolivia 2000
Bolivia 2000

Bolivia 2000

Population The Bolivian population (7.957. 000 residents In 1998, according to one estimate) continues to grow rapidly, with an average annual increase in the nineties, equal to 24 ‰. Over 40 % of the population is made up of natives, among which the Aymará and Quechua predominate, who mostly live in rural settlements, located in the region of Lake Titicaca, in the central plateau and in the high valleys of the Eastern Cordillera. The remaining population, made up, if we…

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Peru History
Peru History

Peru History

On the prehistory and early history of South America, Andean high cultures, Inca. Colonial times The turmoil in the Inca empire after the death of the ruler Huayna Capac († 1527; war of succession among his sons) and an epidemic in 1527 made it easier for the Spaniards (initially only 183 men) under F. Pizarro to conquer the empire. Pizarro occupied Cajamarca, Atahualpa’s residence, on November 15, 1532 and had him executed in mid-1533. On November 15, 1533 he moved…

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Chile History Timeline
Chile History Timeline

Chile History Timeline

Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country on the southwest coast of South America between the Andes and the Pacific Ocean. Chile borders Argentina, Bolivia, Peru and the Strait of Drake. In addition to the mainland area, Chile includes some Pacific islands, and the country has a territorial claim of 1.25 million km² of Antarctica ; however, these requirements are suspended under the Antarctic Treaty. Spain conquered and settled Chile in the middle of the 16th century, thereby…

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Working and Living in Bolivia
Working and Living in Bolivia

Working and Living in Bolivia

In 2020, 126 Germans officially emigrated to Bolivia and 250 returned to their homeland. Within the 10 years from 2010 to 2019, 1,910 Germans officially emigrated to Bolivia and 2,420 moved back to Germany. Bolivia is shaped by the chains of the Andes, the height of which reaches over 6,500 m. In between lies the central highlands, the 3,000 to 4,000 m high Altiplano. Around 80 percent of all Bolivians live here. The idyllic Lake Titicaca, the highest lake in…

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Peru Country Information
Peru Country Information

Peru Country Information

The name “Peru” probably comes from the troops of the Spaniards who moved through the small landscape of “Biru” and transferred their names to the whole country, from which “Peru” developed over time. For the Incas, the country was called “Tahuantin-suyu” – “four provinces”, since they had divided their great empire in four provinces. Location With an area of ​​1,285,220 square kilometers, Peru is the third largest country in South America and the largest of the Andean countries. Peru shares…

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Chile Country Information
Chile Country Information

Chile Country Information

The name of the Republic of Chile almost certainly comes from the native language, in which ‘chili’ means “land at the end of the world”. Location Chile stretches for a total of 4,300 km along the Pacific coast to the Strait of Magellan and the notorious Cape Horn. The mean width of the country is on average around 190 km, in some places even only 90 km. In the north, the west-east extension is greatest at 450 km. Chile’s neighbors…

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Venezuela History
Venezuela History

Venezuela History

Struggle between dictatorship and democracy During the period of the dictatorship of General JV Gómez (1908–35, with interruptions), oil production developed into Venezuela’s economic base, supported by foreign capital investments. With the help of the state’s share in oil sales, Gómez reduced the national debt and stabilized the currency. Venezuela has benefited from the exploitation of its large oil reserves since the 1920s and has become one of the most modern Latin American states on this basis. In 1948 a…

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Venezuela
Venezuela Guide

Venezuela Guide

Venezuela – country information Country name Venezuela Official name Republic of Venezuela Capital Caracas Continent South America Area 912,050 km2 Population 28,946,101 (2011) Foundation of a state 5/7/1811 The highest mountains Pico Bolívar 5,007 m Longest rivers Orinoco 2740 km State system a pluralistic federal presidential republic with a bicameral parliament The biggest cities (conurbation) Caracas (capital) 3,550,000, Maracaibo 1,525,000, Valencia 1,225,000 Official language Spanish Ethnicity/National Composition mestizo 70.5%, white 18.5%, black 9.0%, Indian 2.0% Religious affiliation Roman Catholic 92%,…

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Uruguay
Uruguay Guide

Uruguay Guide

Uruguay – country information Country name Uruguay Official name Eastern Republic of Uruguay Capital Montevideo Continent South America Area 175,016 km2 Population 3,286,314 (2011) Foundation of a state 25/8/1825 The highest mountains Cerro de las Ánimas 501 m Longest rivers Uruguay (part) 2200 km State system a pluralistic presidential republic with a bicameral parliament The biggest cities Montevideo (capital) 1,425,000, Salto 105,000, Paysandú 95,000 Official language Spanish Ethnicity/National Composition inhabitants of Spanish-Italian origin 86%, mestizos 8%, mulattoes and blacks 6%…

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Suriname
Suriname Guide

Suriname Guide

Suriname – information about the country Country name Suriname Official name Republic of Suriname Capital Paramaribo Continent South America Area 163,820 km2 Population 534,189 (2012) Foundation of a state 25/11/1975 The highest mountains Juliana Top 1230 m Longest rivers Corantijn 800 km State system a pluralistic presidential republic with a unicameral parliament The biggest cities Paramaribo (capital) 240,000 Official language Dutch Ethnicity/National Composition Indians and Pakistanis 38%, Surinamese Creoles 31.5%, Javanese 14%, Bush Blacks 8.5%, Indians 3%, Chinese 2.7%, Dutch…

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Peru
Peru Guide

Peru Guide

Peru – country information Country name Peru Official name Republic of Peru Capital Lima continent South America Area 1,285,220 km Population 30 475 144 (2013) Foundation of a state 28. 7. 1821 The highest mountains Nevado de Huascarán 6768 m Longest rivers Ucayali-Apurímac 1980 km State system a pluralistic presidential republic with a bicameral parliament The biggest cities Lima (capital) 6,850,000, Arequipa 705,000, Callao 630,000 Official language Spanish, Quechua Ethnicity/National Composition Quechua Indians 48%, Aymara 5%, mestizos 33%, whites 11%,…

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Paraguay
Paraguay Guide

Paraguay Guide

Paraguay – country information Country name Paraguay Official name Republic of Paraguay Capital Assumption continent South America Area 406,752 km2 Population 6 783 374 (2013) Foundation of a state 14. 5. 1811 The highest mountains Villarrica (Caaguazú) 700 m Longest rivers Paraná (part) 4380 km, Paraguay (part) 2550 km State system a pluralistic presidential republic with a bicameral parliament The biggest cities Asuncion (hl. město) 870,000, Ciudad del Este 145,000, San Lorenzo 140,000, Lambaré 110,0 Official language Spanish Ethnicity/National Composition…

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Colombia
Colombia Guide

Colombia Guide

Colombia – country information Country name Colombia Official name Republic of Colombia Capital Bogota Continent South America Area 1,138,910 km2 Population 47,506,000 (2014) Foundation of a state 20/07/1810 The highest mountains Pico Cristóbal Colón 5800 m Longest rivers Magdalena 1550 km State system a pluralistic presidential republic with a bicameral parliament The biggest cities Bogotá (Capital) 5,185,000, Cali 1,750,000, Medellin 1,710,000 Official language Spanish Ethnicity/National Composition mestizos 58.0%, whites 20.0%, mulattoes 14.0%, blacks 4.0%, mixed blacks and Indians 3%, Indians…

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Guyana
Guyana Guide

Guyana Guide

Guyana – Country Information Country name Guyana Official name Cooperative Republic of Guyana Capital Georgetown continent South America Area 214,969 km Population 784 894 (2010) Foundation of a state 26. 5. 1966 The highest mountains Roraima 2772 m Longest rivers I will cover 1040 km State system a pluralistic presidential republic with a unicameral parliament The biggest cities Georgetown (capital city) 275,000, Linden 45,000, New Amsterdam 35,000 Official language English Ethnicity/National Composition Indian 49.5%, Black 35.5%, Mixed race 7%, Native…

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Ecuador
Ecuador Guide

Ecuador Guide

Ecuador – country information Country name Ecuador Official name Republic of Ecuador Capital Quito Continent South America Area 283,561 km2 Population 15,699,200 (2014) Foundation of a state 5/24/1822 The highest mountains Chimborazo 6,310 m Longest rivers After 1100 km State system a pluralistic presidential republic with a unicameral parliament The biggest cities Guayaquil 1,720,000, Quito (capital city) Official language Spanish Ethnicity/National Composition Quechua Indians 50%, mestizos 40%, whites 8.5%, other Indians 1.5% Religious affiliation Roman Catholics 93.5%, others 6.5% Currency…

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Chile
Chile Guide

Chile Guide

Chile – country information Country name Chile Official name Republic of Chile Capital Santiago de Chile Continent South America Area 756,096 km2 Population 16,341,929 (2012) Foundation of a state 18/9/1810 The highest mountains Llullaillaco 6723 m Longest rivers Bío-Bío 246 km State system a pluralistic presidential republic with a bicameral parliament The biggest cities Santiago (capital) 5,450,000, Concepción 425,000, Vina del Mar 335,000 Official language Spanish Ethnicity/National Composition mestizo 92%, Indians 6.5%, others 1.5% Religious affiliation Roman Catholics 81%, Protestants…

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Brazil
Brazil Guide

Brazil Guide

Brazil – country information Country name Brazil Official name Federative Republic of Brazil Capital Brasília Continent South America Area 8,514,880 km2 Population 201 032 714 (2013) Foundation of a state 7/9/1822 The highest mountains Pico da Neblina 3014 m Longest rivers Amazon (part) 6570 km State system a pluralistic federal presidential republic with a bicameral parliament The biggest cities (conurbation) Sao Paulo 18,500,000, Rio de Janeiro 11,800,000, Belo Horizonte 3,650,000, Porto Alegre 3,200,000, Recife 3,000,000, Salvador 2,575,000, Fortaleza 2,275,000, Brasília…

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Bolivia
Bolivia Guide

Bolivia Guide

Bolivia – country information Country name Bolivia Official name Republic of Bolivia Capital Peace continent South America Area 1,098,580 km Population 10 027 254 (2012) Foundation of a state 6. 8. 1825 The highest mountains Sajama 6542 m Longest rivers Mamoré-Rio Grande 2150 km The largest lakes Titicaca 6542 km2 State system a pluralist republic with a bicameral parliament The biggest cities La Paz (seat of government) 1,225,000, Santa Cruz 775,000, Cochabamba 465,000, Oruro 240,000, Sucre (seat of court, capital)…

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